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Apneustic breathing provoked by limbic influences.

We describe a 64-year-old man with cerebrovascular disease who had an acute stroke characterised by pseudobulbar palsy, facial weakness, and pyramidal signs. He developed frequent emotional outbursts followed by periods of apneusis. Between these episodes he breathed with a regular and unvarying rate and tidal volume. Autopsy showed extensive cortical, subcortical and pontine infarction. The re...

Hemifacial spasms provoked by ipsilateral gaze.

neurons in the paramedian pontine reticular formation responsible for ipsilateral horizontal saccade and (2) gaze centers playing a role in ipsilateral horizontal smooth pursuit. Both gaze centers project to the ipsilateral abducens nucleus which controls both abducens motor neurons (responsible for ipsilateral eye abduction) and internuclear neurons projecting via the medial lateral fasciculus...

Leukocyte Inflammatory Responses Provoked by Pneumococcal Sialidase

Cell surface expression of sialic acid has been reported to decrease during immune cell activation, but the significance and regulation of this phenomenon are still being investigated. The major human bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis, often accompanied by strong inflammatory responses. S. pneumoniae expresses a sialidase (NanA) that contributes...

Cardiac Tamponade Provoked by a Subphrenic Abscess

A 66-year-old man with a 2-month history of epigastralgia was referred to our hospital after developing shock. An echocardiogram revealed a large pericardial echo-free space with collapsed right ventricle. A computed tomography scan of his trunk (Picture 1, 2) showed subdiaphragmatic fluid collection and pericardial effusion. In addition, a fine linear opacity (yellow arrow) was observed, which...